HEIC vs JPEG Formats: What's the Difference?

When Apple introduced the HEIC (High Efficiency Image Container) format with iOS 11 in 2017, it promised better image quality at smaller file sizes compared to the traditional JPEG format. But what exactly are the differences between these two formats, and which one should you use?

File Size and Compression

Key Difference: HEIC files are typically 50% smaller than JPEG

HEIC uses advanced compression algorithms that can reduce file sizes by up to 50% compared to JPEG while maintaining the same image quality. This means you can store twice as many photos in the same amount of storage space.

HEIC Compression Benefits:

More efficient compression algorithms
Better handling of color gradients and details
Support for higher bit depths and wider color gamuts

Image Quality Comparison

Both formats can produce high-quality images, but HEIC has several technical advantages:

Feature	HEIC	JPEG
Color Depth	Up to 16-bit per channel	8-bit per channel
Transparency	Supported	Not supported
Multiple Images	Yes (Live Photos, bursts)	Single image only
Metadata	Extensive support	Basic EXIF

Compatibility and Support

This is where the biggest difference lies between the two formats:

JPEG Compatibility

✅ Universal support across all devices
✅ Works with all web browsers
✅ Compatible with all photo editing software
✅ Accepted by all social media platforms
✅ Supported since 1992

HEIC Compatibility

⚠️ Limited to newer Apple devices by default
⚠️ Not supported in most web browsers
⚠️ Limited photo editing software support
⚠️ Not accepted by many social platforms
✅ Growing support with newer software

When to Use Each Format

Choose HEIC when:

You're staying within the Apple ecosystem
Storage space is a priority
You want the highest quality with smaller files
You're working with Live Photos or burst shots

Choose JPEG when:

You need maximum compatibility
You're sharing photos on social media
You're working with older devices or software
You're uploading images to websites

Converting Between Formats

If you have HEIC files that need to be shared or used on non-Apple platforms, converting them to JPEG is often necessary. The conversion process is straightforward and maintains good image quality.

💡 Pro Tip

You can set your iPhone to automatically capture photos in JPEG format by going to Settings > Camera > Formats and selecting "Most Compatible" instead of "High Efficiency."

The Bottom Line

HEIC is technically superior to JPEG in terms of compression efficiency and features, but JPEG remains the better choice for compatibility and universal support. The best format for you depends on your specific needs and how you plan to use your photos.

For most users, the convenience of universal JPEG compatibility outweighs the technical advantages of HEIC. However, if you primarily use Apple devices and value storage efficiency, HEIC is an excellent choice.